Graded
The US health department published a draft policy under which it would not act against pharmacies that make BPC-157 on a prescription for a named patient, until the FDA decides by rule. It is still not an approved medicine.
PL

TB-500

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Scientific papers

StudiesKind of studyYear
A randomized, placebo-controlled, single and multiple dose study of intravenous thymosin beta4 in healthy volunteers.Ann N Y Acad SciRandom groups2010
The effect of thymosin treatment of venous ulcers.Ann N Y Acad SciRandom groups2010
Thymosin beta-4 and venous ulcers: clinical remarks on a European prospective, randomized study on safety, tolerability, and enhancement on healing.Ann N Y Acad SciRandom groups2007
Logistic regression analysis of environmental and other variables and incidences of tuberculosis in respiratory patients.Sci RepNo random groups2020
Association between Thymosin beta-4, acute kidney injury, and mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational cohort study.Int ImmunopharmacolGroup followed over time2021
Case Report: Regenerative peptides for Inferior alveolar nerve injury: a narrative review with hypothesis-generating three clinical cases.Front Oral HealthCase reports2026
Treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta 4.Arch OphthalmolCase reports2010
Malignant thymoma associated with T-cell lymphocytosis. A case report with immunophenotypic and gene rearrangement analysis.Arch Pathol Lab MedCase reports1993
Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain Management.Curr Pain Headache RepReview of studies2026
Synthetic Peptides in Pharmacy Compounding: Analysis of PCAC Recommendations and Industry Safety Standards.Int J Pharm CompdReview of studies2026
Effects of Supplementation in Masters Athletes and Older Adults: A Narrative Review.Curr Sports Med RepReview of studies2026
Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.Front AgingReview of studies2026
Peptide Therapies in Thyroid Health: Emerging Applications in Endocrine and Immune Modulation.Integr Med (Encinitas)Review of studies2026
Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res RevReview of studies2026
Thymosin beta 4: An emerging therapeutic candidate for kidney diseases.PeptidesReview of studies2026
Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.Am J Sports MedReview of studies2026
Thymosin β4 and β10 Expression in Human Organs during Development: A Review.CellsReview of studies2024
Provocative non-canonical roles of p53 and AKT signaling: A role for Thymosin β4 in medulloblastoma.Int ImmunopharmacolReview of studies2023
Thymosin beta-4 denotes new directions towards developing prosperous anti-aging regenerative therapies.Int ImmunopharmacolReview of studies2023
Novel Biotherapeutics Targeting Biomolecular and Cellular Approaches in Diabetic Wound Healing.BiomedicinesReview of studies2023
In-silico Screening of Phytoconstituents on Wound Healing Targets - Approaches and Current Status.Curr Drug Discov TechnolReview of studies2022
Utilizing Developmentally Essential Secreted Peptides Such as Thymosin Beta-4 to Remind the Adult Organs of Their Embryonic State-New Directions in Anti-Aging Regenerative Therapies.CellsReview of studies2021
Thymosin β4: A Multi-Faceted Tissue Repair Stimulating Protein in Heart Injury.Curr Med ChemReview of studies2020
Persistent Corneal Epithelial Defects: A Review Article.Med Hypothesis Discov Innov OphthalmolReview of studies2019
Tβ4-Ac-SDKP pathway: Any relevance for the cardiovascular system?Can J Physiol PharmacolReview of studies2019
Thymosin beta 4 and the eye: the journey from bench to bedside.Expert Opin Biol TherReview of studies2018
The role of Thymosin β4 in angiotensin II-induced cardiomyocytes growth.Expert Opin Biol TherReview of studies2018
Thymosin beta 4 regulation of actin in sepsis.Expert Opin Biol TherReview of studies2018
Sources of variability in quantifying circulating thymosin beta-4: literature review and recommendations.Expert Opin Biol TherReview of studies2018
Reconsidering an active role for G-actin in cytoskeletal regulation.J Cell SciReview of studies2018
Potential role of thymosin beta 4 in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Chronic Dis Transl MedReview of studies2017
Thymosin Beta 4: A Potential Novel Therapy for Neurotrophic Keratopathy, Dry Eye, and Ocular Surface Diseases.Vitam HormReview of studies2016
Thymosin β4 Promotes Dermal Healing.Vitam HormReview of studies2016
Cardioprotection by Thymosin Beta 4.Vitam HormReview of studies2016
Thymosin Beta 4 Is a Potential Regulator of Hepatic Stellate Cells.Vitam HormReview of studies2016
Potential role of thymosin Beta 4 in liver fibrosis.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2015
Analytical approaches for the detection of emerging therapeutics and non-approved drugs in human doping controls.J Pharm Biomed AnalReview of studies2014
Thymosin β4 and cardiac regeneration: are we missing a beat?Stem Cell Rev RepReview of studies2013
Thymosin β4: a potential novel dry eye therapy.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2012
Thymosin β4 and cardiac protection: implication in inflammation and fibrosis.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2012
The role of immunohistochemistry in the study of the newborn kidney.J Matern Fetal Neonatal MedReview of studies2012
Thymosin β4 protein therapy for cardiac repair.Curr Pharm DesReview of studies2012
Biological activities of thymosin beta4 defined by active sites in short peptide sequences.FASEB JReview of studies2010
Treatment of chronic nonhealing neurotrophic corneal epithelial defects with thymosin beta4.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2010
Animal studies with thymosin beta, a multifunctional tissue repair and regeneration peptide.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2010
Thymosin beta4 and its posttranslational modifications.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2010
[Actin in the wound healing process].Postepy BiochemReview of studies2009
Thymosin beta-4 is essential for coronary vessel development and promotes neovascularization via adult epicardium.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
Thymosin beta-4 and the eye: I can see clearly now the pain is gone.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
The beta-thymosin enigma.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
Function of prothymosin alpha in chromatin decondensation and expression of thymosin beta-4 linked to angiogenesis and synaptic plasticity.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
In vivo sampling of extracellular beta-thymosin by ultrafiltration probes.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
Adhesive and proteolytic phenotype of migrating endothelial cells induced by thymosin beta-4.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
beta-Thymosins.Ann N Y Acad SciReview of studies2007
Profilin: emerging concepts and lingering misconceptions.Trends Biochem SciReview of studies2006
Colorectal carcinoma: from tumorigenesis to treatment.Cell Mol Life SciReview of studies2006
Therapeutic potential of thymosin-beta4 and its derivative N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP) in cardiac healing after infarction.Am J Cardiovasc DrugsReview of studies2006
Thymosin beta4: actin-sequestering protein moonlights to repair injured tissues.Trends Mol MedReview of studies2005
Genome-wide screening for prognosis-predicting genes in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer.Lung CancerReview of studies2004
Thymosin beta 4 interactions.Vitam HormReview of studies2003
The thymosins. Prothymosin alpha, parathymosin, and beta-thymosins: structure and function.Vitam HormReview of studies2003
beta-Thymosins, small acidic peptides with multiple functions.Int J Biochem Cell BiolReview of studies2001
[The modern approach to wound treatment].Med PreglReview of studies2000
Molecular mechanisms controlling actin filament dynamics in nonmuscle cells.Annu Rev Biophys Biomol StructReview of studies2000
Homeostasis, thymic hormones and aging.GerontologyReview of studies1999
The thymus-pituitary axis and its changes during aging.NeuroimmunomodulationReview of studies1999
Actin assembly in response to extracellular signals: role of capping proteins, thymosin beta 4 and profilin.Semin Cell BiolReview of studies1994
Actin-actin binding protein interfaces.Semin Cell BiolReview of studies1994
Actin polymerization: regulation by divalent metal ion and nucleotide binding, ATP hydrolysis and binding of myosin.Adv Exp Med BiolReview of studies1994
The platelet cytoskeleton.Thromb HaemostReview of studies1993
Small actin-binding proteins: the beta-thymosin family.Curr Opin Cell BiolReview of studies1993
Thymic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.Int J ImmunopharmacolReview of studies1992
[Biomolecules suppressing myelopoiesis].Acta Cient VenezReview of studies1992
The role of the thymus-hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis in normal immune processes and autoimmunity.J RheumatolReview of studies1987
Reparative Outcomes in Corneal Infection: Linking Adjunctive Tβ4 Treatment to Nerve Regeneration and Visual Function.Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciIn animals2026
Comparative effects of dietary sodium butyrate and tributyrin on broiler chickens' performance, gene expression, intestinal histomorphometry, blood indices, and litter.Sci RepIn animals2025
Equine Doping Controls of Thymosin β 4: A Population Study and Strategy for Misuse Detection.Drug Test AnalIn animals2025
Thymosin β4 promotes zebrafish Mauthner axon regeneration by facilitating actin polymerization through binding to G-actin.BMC BiolIn animals2024
Activation of pro-resolving pathways mediate the therapeutic effects of thymosin beta-4 during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis.Front ImmunolIn animals2024
The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides.Nat NeurosciIn animals2024
Thymosin beta-4 participate in antibacterial immunity and wound healing in black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon.Fish Shellfish ImmunolIn animals2023
Deficiency of endothelial sirtuin1 in mice stimulates skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity by modifying the secretome.Nat CommunRetractedIn animals2023
Targeted Deletion of Thymosin Beta 4 in Hepatic Stellate Cells Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis in a Transgenic Mouse Model.CellsIn animals2023
Thymosin β4 and prothymosin α promote cardiac regeneration post-ischaemic injury in mice.Cardiovasc ResIn animals2023
Thymosin beta 4 prevents systemic lipopolysaccharide-induced plaque load in middle-age APP/PS1 mice.Int ImmunopharmacolIn animals2023
Promoting effect of Tmsb4x on the differentiation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to dendritic cells during septicemia.Int ImmunopharmacolIn animals2022
[Effect and mechanism of thymosin beta 4 on spinal cord-derived neural stem /progenitor cell injury induced by oxidative stress].Zhongguo Gu ShangIn animals2022
Germinal peptide eye drop promotes corneal epithelial and stromal defect healing in rabbit model.Semin OphthalmolIn animals2022
Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences PMN Effector Cell Function during Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Corneal Infection.CellsIn animals2021
Adjunctive Thymosin Beta-4 Treatment Influences MΦ Effector Cell Function to Improve Disease Outcome in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Induced Keratitis.Int J Mol SciIn animals2021
The Protective Effects of Thymosin-β-4 in a Rat Model of Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury.J Invest SurgIn animals2021
Thymosin β4 released from functionalized self-assembling peptide activates epicardium and enhances repair of infarcted myocardium.TheranosticsIn animals2021
Effects of brain tissue section processing and storage time on gene expression.Anal Chim ActaIn animals2021
The Effect of Thymosin beta4 on the Survival of Autologous Fat Grafting: A Preliminary Study.Aesthet Surg JIn animals2020
Thymosin β4 Identified by Transcriptomic Analysis from HF Anagen to Telogen Promotes Proliferation of SHF-DPCs in Albas Cashmere Goat.Int J Mol SciIn animals2020
Ethosomal Gel for Improving Transdermal Delivery of Thymosin β-4.Int J NanomedicineIn animals2019
Cloning, Expression and Effects of P. americana Thymosin on Wound Healing.Int J Mol SciIn animals2019
Angiopoietin-1/Tie2 signaling pathway contributes to the therapeutic effect of thymosin β4 on diabetic peripheral neuropathy.Neurosci ResIn animals2019
Thymosin beta 4 attenuates oxidative stress-induced injury of spinal cord-derived neural stem/progenitor cells through the TLR4/MyD88 pathway.GeneIn animals2019
Thymosin beta 4-Induced Autophagy Increases Cholinergic Signaling in PrP (106-126)-Treated HT22 Cells.Neurotox ResIn animals2019
Protective Effect of Thymosin β4 against Abdominal Aortic Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Rats.Medicina (Kaunas)In animals2019
Thymosin β4 Prevents Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in Ethanol- and LPS-Induced Liver Injury in Mice.Oxid Med Cell LongevIn animals2018
Thymosin beta 4 induces significant changes in the plasma miRNA profile following severe traumatic brain injury in the rat lateral fluid percussion injury model.Expert Opin Biol TherIn animals2018
No effect of thymosin beta-4 on the expression of the transcription factor Islet-1 in the adult murine heart.Pharmacol Res PerspectIn animals2018
Pegylated and liposomal doxorubicin is associated with high mortality and causes limited cardiotoxicity in mice.BMC Res NotesIn animals2018
Topical treatment of corneal alkali burns with Gly-thymosin β4 solutions and in situ hydrogels via inhibiting corneal neovascularization and improving corneal epidermal recovery in experimental rabbits.BurnsIn animals2017
Thymosin β4 is involved in the antimicrobial immune response of Golden pompano, Trachinotus ovatus.Fish Shellfish ImmunolIn animals2017
Thymosin beta-4 regulates activation of hepatic stellate cells via hedgehog signaling.Sci RepIn animals2017
Neuropeptide imaging in rat spinal cord with MALDI-TOF MS: Method development for the application in pain-related disease studies.Eur J Mass Spectrom (Chichester)In animals2017
Targeted delivery of thymosin beta 4 to the injured myocardium using CREKA-conjugated nanoparticles.Int J NanomedicineIn animals2017
Preventive Effects of Poloxamer 188 on Muscle Cell Damage Mechanics Under Oxidative Stress.Ann Biomed EngIn animals2017
Treatment of traumatic brain injury in rats with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline.J NeurosurgIn animals2017
Tβ4-overexpression based on the piggyBac transposon system in cashmere goats alters hair fiber characteristics.Transgenic ResIn animals2017
Recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying thymosin β4 suppresses experimental colitis in mice.World J GastroenterolIn animals2017
Loss of endogenous thymosin β4 accelerates glomerular disease.Kidney IntIn animals2016
Role of thymosin beta 4 in hair growth.Mol Genet GenomicsIn animals2016
Thymosin β4 Prevents Angiotensin II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Growth by Regulating Wnt/WISP Signaling.J Cell PhysiolIn animals2016
A thymosin beta-4 is involved in production of hemocytes and immune defense of Hong Kong oyster, Crassostrea hongkongensis.Dev Comp ImmunolIn animals2016
Function of Thymosin Beta-4 in Ethanol-Induced Microglial Activation.Cell Physiol BiochemIn animals2016
Thymosin beta 4 up-regulates miR-200a expression and induces differentiation and survival of rat brain progenitor cells.J NeurochemIn animals2016
MALDI FTICR IMS of Intact Proteins: Using Mass Accuracy to Link Protein Images with Proteomics Data.J Am Soc Mass SpectromIn animals2015
Thymosin beta 4 is associated with RUNX2 expression through the Smad and Akt signaling pathways in mouse dental epithelial cells.Int J Mol MedIn animals2015
H2O2 Exposure Affects Myotube Stiffness and Actin Filament Polymerization.Ann Biomed EngIn animals2015
Controlled release of thymosin beta 4 using a collagen-chitosan sponge scaffold augments cutaneous wound healing and increases angiogenesis in diabetic rats with hindlimb ischemia.Tissue Eng Part AIn animals2015
Extending the time window of mammalian heart regeneration by thymosin beta 4.J Cell Mol MedIn animals2014
Thymosin Beta 4 protects mice from monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular hypertrophy.PLoS OneIn animals2014
Thymosin beta-4 knockdown in IEC-6 normal intestinal epithelial cells induces DNA re-replication via downregulating Emi1.J Cell PhysiolIn animals2014
Re-activated adult epicardial progenitor cells are a heterogeneous population molecularly distinct from their embryonic counterparts.Stem Cells DevIn animals2014
Peptide labeling with photoactivatable trifunctional cadaverine derivative and identification of interacting partners by biotin transfer.Anal BiochemIn animals2014
High-resolution HPLC-ESI-MS characterization of the contact sites of the actin-thymosin β(4) complex by chemical and enzymatic cross-linking.BiochemistryIn animals2013
Doping control analysis of seven bioactive peptides in horse plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Anal Bioanal ChemIn animals2013
Multiple functional involvement of thymosin beta-4 in tooth germ development.Histochem Cell BiolIn animals2013
β-thymosins and hemocyte homeostasis in a crustacean.PLoS OneIn animals2013
In Vitro Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Promoting Transplanted Fat Survival by Regulating Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.Aesthetic Plast SurgIn a lab dish2024
Electrospun thymosin Beta-4 loaded PLGA/PLA nanofiber/ microfiber hybrid yarns for tendon tissue engineering application.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol ApplIn a lab dish2020
Inhibition of microRNA-34a mediates protection of thymosin beta 4 in endothelial progenitor cells against advanced glycation endproducts by targeting B-cell lymphoma 2.Can J Physiol PharmacolIn a lab dish2019
Comparison of various in vitro model systems of the metabolism of synthetic doping peptides: Proteolytic enzymes, human blood serum, liver and kidney microsomes and liver S9 fraction.J ProteomicsIn a lab dish2016
Glycoprotein 130 promotes human blastocyst development in vitro.Fertil SterilIn a lab dish2013
Proteomic analysis of primary colon cancer-associated fibroblasts using the SELDI-ProteinChip platform.J Zhejiang Univ Sci BIn a lab dish2012
Reversal of second-hand cigarette smoke-induced impairment of corneal wound healing by thymosin beta4 combined with anti-inflammatory agents.Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciIn a lab dish2010
Thymosins β-4 and β-10 are expressed in bovine ovarian follicles and upregulated in cumulus cells during meiotic maturation.Reprod Fertil DevIn a lab dish2010
Internalization is essential for the antiapoptotic effects of exogenous thymosin beta-4 on human corneal epithelial cells.Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciIn a lab dish2007
Proteinase and growth factor alterations revealed by gene microarray analysis of human diabetic corneas.Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciIn a lab dish2005
The effect of cyclical compressive loading on gene expression in articular cartilage.BiorheologyIn a lab dish2003
Thymosin beta4 regulation, expression and function in aortic valve interstitial cells.J Heart Valve DisIn a lab dish2002
Thymosin-beta(4) changes the conformation and dynamics of actin monomers.Biophys JIn a lab dish2000
Actin polymerization induced by GTP gamma S in permeabilized neutrophils is induced and maintained by free barbed ends.J Biol ChemIn a lab dish1995
How profilin promotes actin filament assembly in the presence of thymosin beta 4.CellIn a lab dish1993
Detection of thymosin beta 4 in situ in a guinea pig cerebral cortex preparation using 1H NMR spectroscopy.J Biol ChemIn a lab dish1992
Thymosin alpha 1 and thymosin beta 4 modulate human colonic lamina propria lymphocyte function.ImmunopharmacologyIn a lab dish1990
Phytohemagglutin-stimulated human T cell: prothymosin alpha as an accessory signal.J Biol Regul Homeost AgentsIn a lab dish1990
Thymosins alpha 1 and beta 4 potentiate the antigen-presenting capacity of macrophages.ImmunopharmacologyIn a lab dish1989
Synthesis of a thymosin beta 4-like peptide, deacetyl-thymosin beta Xen4, and its restorative effect on depressed lymphocyte blastogenic response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) in uremic patients.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)In a lab dish1989
Enzyme immunoassay measurement of thymosin beta 4 in human serum.J Biol Response ModIn a lab dish1988
Synthesis of calf thymosin beta 4 fragment 16-38 and its effect on the impaired blastogenic response of T-lymphocytes of a uremic patient with pneumonia.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)In a lab dish1987
Determination of thymosin beta 4 in human blood cells and serum.J ChromatogrIn a lab dish1987
Immunoregulatory effects of fraction 5 thymus peptides. I. Thymosin alpha 1 enhances while thymosin beta 4 suppresses the human autologous and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction.ImmunopharmacologyIn a lab dish1987
Effect of two thymosin fraction 5 polypeptides on human peripheral blood lymphocytes.Immunopharmacol ImmunotoxicolIn a lab dish1987
Comparison of the effects of thymosin and other thymic factors on modulation of interleukin-2 production.J Biol Response ModIn a lab dish1985
Deacetyl-thymosin beta 4: synthesis and effect on the impaired peripheral T-cell subsets in patients with chronic renal failure.Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)In a lab dish1984
Investigational Peptides in Orthopaedic Practice: Evidence, Safety, and Patient Counseling for BPC-157, Thymosin Beta-4, and TB-500.J Am Acad Orthop SurgOther paper2026
Paracrine TMSB4X signaling from oligodendrocytes promotes diffuse glioma dissemination.OncogeneOther paper2026
Understanding the effects of ciprofloxacin on corneal epithelial cells: a study using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) technology.Exp Eye ResOther paper2026
Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.Am J Sports MedOther paper2026
Rapid and harmonized analytical workflow for the determination of peptidic and non-peptidic doping agents in dried and liquid blood matrices.AnalystOther paper2026
PEGylated thymosin β4 is a thiol-site-specific prodrug treating myocardial infarction in vivo.Bioeng Transl MedOther paper2026
Dysregulation of circulating damage-associated molecular patterns in diabetic foot syndrome.Front ImmunolOther paper2026
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of the Secretome of Control and BRAF/MEK Inhibitor-Resistant Melanoma Cells.J Proteome ResOther paper2026
A revised model of nuclear actin import: Importin 9 competes with cofilin, profilin, and RanGTP for actin binding.J Biol ChemOther paper2026
Thymosin β4-derived peptides alleviate neuroinflammation and neurite atrophy in both in vitro models and in vivo 5 × FAD mice: A potential therapy for memory improvement in Alzheimer's disease.Int ImmunopharmacolOther paper2026
Recombinant human thymosin beta 4 improves ischemic cardiac dysfunction in mice and patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction after reperfusion.Cardiovasc ResOther paper2025
Alkaline Phosphatase-Triggered Spatiotemporal Repair of Corneal Injury with TB500 Peptide Hydrogel.ACS Appl Mater InterfacesOther paper2025
Mechanistic study of the Tβ4/SLC7A11 signaling pathway regulating breast cancer evolution.Cell SignalOther paper2025
Engineered Tandem Thymosin Peptide Promotes Corneal Wound Healing.Invest Ophthalmol Vis SciOther paper2025
Electron Capture Dissociation for Discovery Top-Down Proteomics of Peptides and Small Proteins on Chromatographic Time Scales.J Am Soc Mass SpectromOther paper2025
Thymosin beta 4 as an Alzheimer disease intervention target identified using human brain organoids.Stem Cell ReportsOther paper2025
Living myocardial slices as a model for testing cardiac pro-reparative gene therapies.Mol TherOther paper2025
The Prognostic Significance of TMSB4X in Glioma Patients.Int J Gen MedOther paper2025
Thymosin β4 Regulates Tissue Inflammatory Response in Mouse Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Promoting Macrophage M2-Type Polarization.J Inflamm ResOther paper2025
Thymosin Beta-4 Modulates Cardiac Remodeling by Regulating ROCK1 Expression in Adult Mammals.Int J Mol SciOther paper2025
Inhaled exogenous thymosin beta 4 suppresses bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice via TGF-β1 signalling pathway.J Pharm PharmacolOther paper2025
Retraction: The role of thymosin beta 4 on odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells.PLoS OneOther paper2025
Study of Intracellular Peptides of the Central Nervous System of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) in a Parkinson's Disease Model.Int J Mol SciOther paper2025
Enhancing fat graft survival: thymosin beta-4 facilitates mitochondrial transfer from ADSCs via tunneling nanotubes by upregulating the Rac/F-actin pathway.Free Radic Biol MedOther paper2025
Identification of glutamine as a potential therapeutic target in dry eye disease.Signal Transduct Target TherOther paper2025
Proteomic analysis of the human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell secretome by integrated approaches via filter-aided sample preparation.J ProteomicsOther paper2025
TMSB4X is a regulator of inflammation-associated ferroptosis, and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma cells.Discov OncolOther paper2024
The subcommissural organ regulates brain development via secreted peptides.bioRxivOther paper2024
The fascinating theory of fetal programming of adult diseases: A review of the fundamentals of the Barker hypothesis.J Public Health ResOther paper2024
Simultaneous quantification of TB-500 and its metabolites in in-vitro experiments and rats by UHPLC-Q-Exactive orbitrap MS/MS and their screening by wound healing activities in-vitro.J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life SciOther paper2024
A Novel Combination Therapy Tβ4/VIP Protects against Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Biosensors (Basel)Other paper2023
TMSB4X: A novel prognostic marker for non-small cell lung cancer.HeliyonOther paper2023
Proteins from toad's parotoid macroglands: do they play a role in gland functioning and chemical defence?Front ZoolOther paper2023
Thymosin Beta 4 Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Cells against PrP (106-126) via Neurotrophic Factor Signaling.MoleculesOther paper2023
Thymosin beta 4: A potential novel adjunct treatment for bacterial keratitis.Int ImmunopharmacolOther paper2023
The preliminary study of exosomes derived from thymosin beta 4-treated adipose-derived stem cells in fat grafting.Genes GenomicsOther paper2023
Thymosin beta-4 - A potential tool in healing middle ear lesions in adult mammals.Int ImmunopharmacolOther paper2023
Exogenous Thymosin Beta 4 Suppresses IPF-Lung Cancer in Mice: Possibly Associated with Its Inhibitory Effect on the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway.Int J Mol SciOther paper2023
Thymosin Beta 4 Inhibits LPS and ATP-Induced Hepatic Stellate Cells via the Regulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways.Int J Mol SciOther paper2023
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 counter-regulates thymosin beta-4 expression and primary cilium formation for HeLa cervical cancer cell survival.Sci RepOther paper2022
Aberrant Expression of Thymosin Beta-4 Correlates With Advanced Disease and BRAF V600E Mutation in Thyroid Cancer.J Histochem CytochemOther paper2022
Remote ischemic preconditioning enhances aerobic performance by accelerating regional oxygenation and improving cardiac function during acute hypobaric hypoxia exposure.Front PhysiolOther paper2022
Multi-analyte screening of small peptides by alkaline pre-activated solid phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry in doping controls.J Chromatogr AOther paper2022
The role of fetal programming in human carcinogenesis - May the Barker hypothesis explain interindividual variability in susceptibility to cancer insurgence and progression?Eur Rev Med Pharmacol SciOther paper2022
Role of Thymosin Beta 4 in the diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver and its relation to Metabolic Syndrome in Egyptian patients.Egypt J ImmunolOther paper2022
Plasma proteome profiling using tandem mass tag labeling technology reveals potential biomarkers for Parkinson's disease: a preliminary study.Proteomics Clin ApplOther paper2022
Thymosin beta-4 improves endothelial function and reparative potency of diabetic endothelial cells differentiated from patient induced pluripotent stem cells.Stem Cell Res TherOther paper2022
Circular RNA PIP5K1A (circPIP5K1A) accelerates endometriosis progression by regulating the miR-153-3p/Thymosin Beta-4 X-Linked (TMSB4X) pathway.BioengineeredOther paper2021
Fetal programming of atherosclerosis: may the barker hypothesis explain the susceptibility of a subset of patients to develop stroke or cardiac infarct?Eur Rev Med Pharmacol SciOther paper2021
Thymosin beta 4 alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver by inhibiting ferroptosis via up-regulation of GPX4.Eur J PharmacolOther paper2021
Recombinant human thymosin beta-4 (rhTβ4) improved scalp condition and microbiome homeostasis in seborrheic dermatitis.Microb BiotechnolOther paper2021
In vivo CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening using quantitative PCR identifies thymosin beta-4 X-linked that promotes diffuse-type gastric cancer metastasis.Mol CarcinogOther paper2021
Acupuncture Regulates Serum Differentially Expressed Proteins in Patients with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis: A Quantitative iTRAQ Proteomics Study.Evid Based Complement Alternat MedOther paper2021
TMSB4 Overexpression Enhances the Potency of Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Myocardial Repair.Front Cell Dev BiolOther paper2021
Protein-Protein Connections-Oligomer, Amyloid and Protein Complex-By Wide Line 1H NMR.BiomoleculesOther paper2021

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Registered studies in people (19)

StudiesStageStatusPeople taking partUpdated
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome : ARISE-2Stage 3Finished6012026-10-21
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-3Stage 3Finished7002026-08-28
Recombinant Human Thymosin Beta 4 for Injection(NL005) for Acute Myocardial InfarctionStage 2Not started1892026-05-14
TB-500 (Thymosin Beta 4 17-23 Fragment) for Cardiovascular Biomarkers in Stable ASCVDStage 1, Stage 2Looking for people802026-03-23
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of 0.1% RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solution for the Treatment of NK: SEER-2Stage 3Looking for people702025-12-23
Efficacy and Safety Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial InfarctionStage 2Finished902024-06-21
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy Study of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Neurotrophic Keratopathy : SEER-1Stage 3Stopped early182023-08-30
Safety and Efficacy Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.InfarctionStage 2Finished622022-08-03
A Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Injectable Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Acute Myocardial InfarctionStage 2Withdrawn02021-09-22
A Phase 1a Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy VolunteersStage 1Finished542020-09-29
A Phase 1b Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Healthy VolunteersStage 1Finished302020-09-29
Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of RGN-259 Ophthalmic Solutions for Dry Eye Syndrome: ARISE-1Stage 2, Stage 3Finished3172019-10-17
A Phase 1 Safety Study of the Intravenous Administration of Thymosin Beta in Healthy VolunteersStage 1Withdrawn02017-04-17
Comparative Study of Thymosin Beta 4 Eye Drops vs. Vehicle in the Treatment of Severe Dry EyeStage 2Finished92015-12-23
Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 Ophthalmic Solution in Patients With Dry EyeStage 2Finished722015-07-10
A Phase 2 Study of the Safety and Efficacy of Thymosin Beta 4 for Treating Corneal WoundsStage 2Stopped early122015-07-08
A Phase 2 Study on Effect of Thymosin Beta 4 on Wound Healing in Patients With Epidermolysis BullosaStage 2Stopped early302014-05-12
Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Venous Stasis UlcersStage 2Finished722010-03-30
Study of Thymosin Beta 4 in Patients With Pressure UlcersStage 2Finished722010-02-01