Graded
The US health department published a draft policy under which it would not act against pharmacies that make BPC-157 on a prescription for a named patient, until the FDA decides by rule. It is still not an approved medicine.
PL

Melanotan 1

Back to the substance

Scientific papers

StudiesKind of studyYear
Afamelanotide for Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.N Engl J MedRandom groups2015
Afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for the treatment of vitiligo: a randomized multicenter trial.JAMA DermatolRandom groups2015
Effects of a superpotent melanotropic peptide in combination with solar UV radiation on tanning of the skin in human volunteers.Arch DermatolRandom groups2004
Skin pigmentation and pharmacokinetics of melanotan-I in humans.Biopharm Drug DisposRandom groups1997
A feasibility and safety study of afamelanotide in acute stroke patients - an open label, proof of concept, phase iia clinical trial.BMC NeurolNo random groups2023
Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the synthetic α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue afamelanotide ([Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH, Scenesse®) in erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by ELISA detecting both anti-afamelanotide and anti-α-MSH antibodies.Skin Pharmacol PhysiolNo random groups2015
Efficacy of the melanocortin analogue Nle4-D-Phe7-α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in the treatment of patients with Hailey-Hailey disease.Clin Exp DermatolNo random groups2014
Beneficial effects of the melanocortin analogue Nle4-D-Phe7-α-MSH in acne vulgaris.J Eur Acad Dermatol VenereolNo random groups2014
Systemic photoprotection in solar urticaria with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogue [Nle4-D-Phe7]-α-MSH.Br J DermatolNo random groups2011
Mitigating photosensitivity of erythropoietic protoporphyria patients by an agonistic analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone.Photochem PhotobiolNo random groups2009
Increased eumelanin expression and tanning is induced by a superpotent melanotropin [Nle4-D-Phe7]-alpha-MSH in humans.Photochem PhotobiolNo random groups2000
German Cohort Observational Study to Investigate the Short- and Long-Term Safety and Clinical Effectiveness of Afamelanotide 16 mg (SCENESSE) in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP).Photodermatol Photoimmunol PhotomedGroup followed over time2025
The effects of cholecalciferol and afamelanotide on vitamin D levels in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a multicentre cohort study.Br J DermatolGroup followed over time2024
Increased phototoxic burn tolerance time and quality of life in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria treated with afamelanotide - a three years observational study.Orphanet J Rare DisGroup followed over time2020
A glimpse into the underground market of melanotan.Dermatol Online JGroup followed over time2018
Long-term observational study of afamelanotide in 115 patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.Br J DermatolGroup followed over time2015
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria with Persistent Severe Biochemical Abnormalities and a Non-Mutilating Clinical Course: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI)Case reports2026
From darkness to light: Case report on afamelanotide-treatment in a 9-year-old child with erythropoietic protoporphyria.JAAD Case RepCase reports2026
Erythropoietic protoporphyria in childhood: clinical clues, missed diagnoses and emerging therapy.Eur J PediatrCase reports2025
Updates on the diagnosis and management of the most common hereditary porphyrias: AIP and EPP.Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ ProgramCase reports2020
The efficacy of afamelanotide and narrowband UV-B phototherapy for repigmentation of vitiligo.JAMA DermatolCase reports2013
Melanotan II injection resulting in systemic toxicity and rhabdomyolysis.Clin Toxicol (Phila)Case reports2012
A Review of Randomized Controlled Trials for Vitiligo Therapies Published Between 2013 and 2023.CureusReview of studies2026
New and currently investigated pharmacotherapies for the erythropoietic protoporphyrias: spotlight on dersimelagon and bitopertin.Expert Opin PharmacotherReview of studies2026
Insights into Tanning Biology and Tanning Products.J Clin Aesthet DermatolReview of studies2026
[Hormones and skin pigmentation: fundamentals and clinical relevance].Dermatologie (Heidelb)Review of studies2026
Polymorphism of Melanocortin Receptor Genes-Association with Inflammatory Traits and Diseases.DiseasesReview of studies2025
Treatment Advances in Vitiligo: An Updated Review.Dermatol Pract ConceptReview of studies2025
Erythropoietic protoporphyrias: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management.Liver IntReview of studies2025
Afamelanotide in protoporphyria and other skin diseases: a review.Postepy Dermatol AlergolReview of studies2024
A systematic review of case series and clinical trials investigating systemic oral or injectable therapies for the treatment of vitiligo.Skin Res TechnolReview of studies2024
Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Practice in Vitiligo Treatment: An Updated Review.DermatologyReview of studies2024
Vitiligo: Pathogenesis and New and Emerging Treatments.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2023
Targeting the central melanocortin system for the treatment of metabolic disorders.Nat Rev EndocrinolReview of studies2023
Etiopathogenesis and Emerging Methods for Treatment of Vitiligo.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2023
Vitiligo, from Pathogenesis to Therapeutic Advances: State of the Art.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2023
Experimental and approved treatments for skin photosensitivity in individuals with erythropoietic protoporphyria or X-linked protoporphyria: A systematic review.Biomed PharmacotherReview of studies2023
Immunopathogenesis and management of polymorphic light eruption.Dermatol TherReview of studies2021
Porphyrias in the Age of Targeted Therapies.Diagnostics (Basel)Review of studies2021
Afamelanotide: An Orphan Drug with Potential for Broad Dermatologic Applications.J Drugs DermatolReview of studies2021
Afamelanotide for prevention of phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria.Expert Rev Clin PharmacolReview of studies2021
[Melanocortin peptides : Fundamentals, translational research, clinical dermatology, and future perspectives].HautarztReview of studies2020
2019 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest.Pharmaceuticals (Basel)Review of studies2020
Emerging drugs for the treatment of vitiligo.Expert Opin Emerg DrugsReview of studies2020
Phototherapy for Vitiligo.Dermatol ClinReview of studies2020
Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and X-Linked Protoporphyria: pathophysiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, and management.Mol Genet MetabReview of studies2019
From pathogenesis of acne vulgaris to anti-acne agents.Arch Dermatol ResReview of studies2019
[Porphyrias-what is verified?].Internist (Berl)Review of studies2018
An overview of the cutaneous porphyrias.F1000ResReview of studies2017
Risks of unregulated use of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone analogues: a review.Int J DermatolReview of studies2017
The injecting use of image and performance-enhancing drugs (IPED) in the general population: a systematic review.Health Soc Care CommunityReview of studies2017
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Afamelanotide and its Clinical Use in Treating Dermatologic Disorders.Clin PharmacokinetReview of studies2017
Current and emerging treatments for vitiligo.J Am Acad DermatolReview of studies2017
Interventional treatments for Hailey-Hailey disease.J Am Acad DermatolReview of studies2017
Advances in the management of erythropoietic protoporphyria - role of afamelanotide.Appl Clin GenetReview of studies2016
Afamelanotide: A Review in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.Am J Clin DermatolReview of studies2016
[Erythropoietic protoporphyria : Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and new therapeutic possibilities].HautarztReview of studies2016
[Undesirable pigmentation].HautarztReview of studies2015
Afamelanotide (CUV1647) in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.Expert Rev Clin PharmacolReview of studies2015
Melanocortin receptor agonists in the treatment of male and female sexual dysfunctions: results from basic research and clinical studies.Expert Opin Investig DrugsReview of studies2014
A review and update on melanocyte stimulating hormone therapy: afamelanotide.J Drugs DermatolReview of studies2013
Afamelanotide, an agonistic analog of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, in dermal phototoxicity of erythropoietic protoporphyria.Expert Opin Investig DrugsReview of studies2010
Melanotropic peptides: more than just 'Barbie drugs' and 'sun-tan jabs'?Br J DermatolReview of studies2010
Melanocortin peptide therapeutics: historical milestones, clinical studies and commercialization.PeptidesReview of studies2006
Discovery and development of novel melanogenic drugs. Melanotan-I and -II.Pharm BiotechnolReview of studies1998
A gel-forming α-MSH analog promotes lasting melanogenesis.Eur J PharmacolIn animals2023
Effects of the central melanocortin system on feed intake, metabolic hormones and insulin action in the sheep.J Anim SciIn animals2023
Pharmacologic response of a controlled-release PLGA formulation for the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog, Melanotan-I.Pharm ResIn animals2000
Controlled-release delivery system for the alpha-MSH analog melanotan-I using poloxamer 407.J Pharm SciIn animals1996
Acute impact of afamelanotide on UVR erythemal and melanogenic responses in healthy humans in vivo: an exploratory study.Photochem Photobiol SciOther paper2026
Heterochiral co-assembly of β-strands and hairpins affords stereocomplexed peptide hydrogels for drug delivery.J Control ReleaseOther paper2026
Investigation of the stability profile of therapeutic α-MSH analogue: Insights from liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry analysis of afamelanotide.J Pharm Biomed AnalOther paper2026
Afamelanotide improves quality of life and light tolerance in Austrian erythropoietic protoporphyria patients.J Dtsch Dermatol GesOther paper2026
New pharmacotherapies for the erythropoietic protoporphyrias: an analysis of trial protocols from a patient perspective.Orphanet J Rare DisOther paper2025
Burden of illness and unmet needs in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and X-linked protoporphyria: A large US nationwide claims analysis.J Manag Care Spec PharmOther paper2025
Afamelanotide in managing cutaneous phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria: a Scottish perspective.Clin Exp DermatolOther paper2025
Silica-Assisted Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (SiPPS).J Pept SciOther paper2025
A single-centre, prospective, qualitative analysis of knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of sunbed use among patients attending a pigmented lesion clinic in a tertiary referral centre.Skin Health DisOther paper2025
The Impact of Minimal Sunlight Exposure on Bone Health: Insights From a Cohort Study in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.J Clin Endocrinol MetabOther paper2025
Discovery of MT-7117 (Dersimelagon Phosphoric Acid): A Novel, Potent, Selective, and Nonpeptidic Orally Available Melanocortin 1 Receptor Agonist.J Med ChemOther paper2024
Mechanistic Model for Drug Release from PLGA-Based Biodegradable Implants for In Vitro Release Testing: Development and Validation.ACS Appl Bio MaterOther paper2024
Recommended Tool Compounds for the Melanocortin Receptor (MCR) G Protein-Coupled Receptors (GPCRs).ACS Pharmacol Transl SciOther paper2024
When the diagnosis is written in the DNA: a case of erythropoietic protoporphyria in a patient with a chromosome-18 deletion.Dermatol ReportsOther paper2024
Afamelanotide for Treatment of the Protoporphyrias: Impact on Quality of Life and Laboratory Parameters in a US Cohort.Life (Basel)Other paper2024
Fair Funding Decisions: Consistency of the Time Horizons Used in the Calculation of Quality-Adjusted Life Years for Therapies for Very Rare Diseases by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence in England.Int J Environ Res Public HealthOther paper2024
Erythropoietic protoporphyria and afamelanotide: a patient's perspective.Clin Exp DermatolOther paper2024
Into the Light: Afamelanotide and the Treatment of Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in the United States.J Drugs DermatolOther paper2023
Afamelanotide Is Associated with Dose-Dependent Protective Effect from Liver Damage Related to Erythropoietic Protoporphyria.Life (Basel)Other paper2023
Erythropoietic protoporphyria in the Netherlands: Clinical features, psychosocial impact and the effect of afamelanotide.J DermatolOther paper2023
Association of quality of life measures with afamelanotide treatment in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria and x-linked protoporphyria: A retrospective cohort study.J Am Acad DermatolOther paper2023
Computational Screening of Approved Drugs for Inhibition of the Antibiotic Resistance Gene mecA in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strains.BioTech (Basel)Other paper2023
Quality-Adjusted Life Years in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria and Other Rare Diseases: A Patient-Initiated EQ-5D Feasibility Study.Int J Environ Res Public HealthOther paper2023
Implementation of a high-impact medication therapy subcommittee within a large academic medical center.Am J Health Syst PharmOther paper2023
Discovery of novel N-(1-benzyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amide derivatives as melanocortin 1 receptor agonists.Bioorg Med Chem LettOther paper2022
Objective light exposure measurements and circadian rhythm in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria: A case-control study.Mol Genet MetabOther paper2022
Beyond pigmentation: signs of liver protection during afamelanotide treatment in Swiss patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria, an observational study.Ther Adv Rare DisOther paper2021
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the melanocortin-4 receptor.Cell ResOther paper2021
Structural mechanism of calcium-mediated hormone recognition and Gβ interaction by the human melanocortin-1 receptor.Cell ResOther paper2021
Erythropoietic protoporphyria: time to prodrome, the warning signal to exit sun exposure without pain-a patient-reported outcome efficacy measure.Genet MedOther paper2021
Clinical and dermoscopic changes of acquired melanocytic nevi of patients treated with afamelanotide.Photochem Photobiol SciOther paper2021
Association of Afamelanotide With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria in Clinical Practice.JAMA DermatolOther paper2020
[Medicaments and oral healthcare. Hyperpigmentation of oral soft tissues due to afamelanotide].Ned Tijdschr TandheelkdOther paper2020
Afamelanotide in the Treatment of Dermatologic Disease.Skin Therapy LettOther paper2018
Current challenges in photoprotection.J Am Acad DermatolOther paper2017
Photoprotection: part I. Photoprotection by naturally occurring, physical, and systemic agents.J Am Acad DermatolOther paper2013
A bioassay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies against the α-melanocyte stimulating hormone analog afamelanotide in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.J Pharm Biomed AnalOther paper2013
Patient-recorded outcome to assess therapeutic efficacy in protoporphyria-induced dermal phototoxicity: a proposal.Health Qual Life OutcomesOther paper2010
Nonsurgical innovations in the treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer.J Clin Aesthet DermatolOther paper2010
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2009
Gateways to clinical trials.Methods Find Exp Clin PharmacolOther paper2007
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for Melanotan-1 ([Nle4-DPhe7]alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone) in biological matrices.J Chromatogr B Biomed ApplOther paper1995

We found these papers automatically in PubMed. The editors have not read them yet, and they do not affect any grade. Titles stay in the original language. Each group shows the newest papers up to a limit. PubMed has the full list.

Open in PubMed

Registered studies in people (24)

StudiesStageStatusPeople taking partUpdated
Pharmacokinetics of Afamelanotide in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria PatientsStage 1, Stage 2Finished282026-07-27
Melanotan II (MT-II) as an Adjunct to NB-UVB Phototherapy for Repigmentation in Stable Nonsegmental VitiligoStage 2Looking for people602026-02-27
A Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of SCENESSE and Narrow-Band Ultraviolet (NB-UVB) Light Versus NB-UVB Light Alone in Patients With VitiligoStage 3Running, no new people2002025-07-08
Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Afamelanotide in Patients With Variegate Porphyria (VP)Stage 2Finished62025-04-27
Afamelanotide and Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) Phototherapy in the Treatment of Nonsegmental Vitiligo (NSV)Stage 2Finished212023-09-22
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Afamelanotide in Patients With Xeroderma Pigmentosum C and VStage 2Unknown62023-09-21
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Afamelanotide in Patients With Xeroderma Pigmentosum (XP)Stage 2Unknown62023-06-18
A Proof of Concept Study to Evaluate the Safety of Afamelanotide in Patients With Acute Arterial Ischaemic Stroke (AIS)Stage 2Finished62023-04-11
A Study to Assess the Changes in Pigmentation and Safety of Afamelanotide in Patients With Vitiligo on the FaceStage 2Unknown62023-02-09
DNA Repair Capacity of Afamelanotide on Ultraviolet Radiation-induced DNA Damage in Healthy VolunteersStage 1Finished102023-02-09
Afamelanotide in Patients Suffering With Acne VulgarisStage 2Finished32021-10-26
Phase III Confirmatory Study in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP)Stage 3Finished742021-10-12
Afamelanotide as Adjunctive Therapy in Patients Undergoing Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) Utilising Porfimer SodiumStage 2Finished162021-10-01
Afamelanotide in Patients Suffering From Polymorphic Light Eruption (PLE)Stage 3Finished312021-03-19
A Safety Extension Study in Patients With Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP)Stage 3Finished162020-11-19
Phase II Confirmatory Study in Erythropoietic Protoporphyria (EPP)Stage 2Finished772019-10-28
Multicentre Phase III Erythropoietic Protoporphyria StudyStage 3Finished1002019-10-10
Phase III Confirmatory Study in Erythropoietic ProtoporphyriaStage 3Finished932019-09-19
Implant Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic StudyStage 1Finished242018-08-16
Afamelanotide and Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) Light in the Treatment of Nonsegmental VitiligoStage 2Finished152013-03-22
Afamelanotide and Narrow-Band Ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) Light in the Treatment of Nonsegmental Vitiligo (NSV)Stage 1Finished562013-03-22
Phase III Trial of CUV1647 in Polymorphic Light Eruption (PLE)–Finished182011-10-05
Phase II AK Study in Organ Transplant PatientsStage 2Unknown2002010-12-06
Phase II Solar Urticaria (SU) Pilot StudyStage 2Finished52009-09-15