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The US health department published a draft policy under which it would not act against pharmacies that make BPC-157 on a prescription for a named patient, until the FDA decides by rule. It is still not an approved medicine.
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GHK-Cu

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Scientific papers

StudiesKind of studyYear
Peptides in Aesthetic Dermatology: Classification, Fibroblast-Centered Mechanisms, Delivery Technologies, and Clinical Evidence.Life (Basel)Review of studies2026
GHK-Cu as a Bioactive Metallopeptide and Drug-Delivery Cargo: Coordination Chemistry, Formulation Science, Therapeutic Evidence, and a Translational Roadmap.PharmaceuticsReview of studies2026
Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain Management.Curr Pain Headache RepReview of studies2026
Therapeutic Peptides in Aesthetic, Metabolic and Endocrine Conditions: Effects, Safety, Clinical Applications, and Future Perspectives.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2026
Therapeutic peptides in gerontology: mechanisms and applications for healthy aging.Front AgingReview of studies2026
Therapeutic Peptides in Orthopaedics: Applications, Challenges, and Future Directions.J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res RevReview of studies2026
Smart Healing for Wound Repair: Emerging Multifunctional Strategies in Personalized Regenerative Medicine and Their Relevance to Orthopedics.Antibiotics (Basel)Review of studies2026
Injectable Peptide Therapy: A Primer for Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Physicians.Am J Sports MedReview of studies2026
Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective.BioimpactsReview of studies2025
Are We Ready to Measure Skin Permeation of Modern Antiaging GHK-Cu Tripeptide Encapsulated in Liposomes?MoleculesReview of studies2025
Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data.Int J Mol SciReview of studies2018
The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.Oxid Med Cell LongevReview of studies2012
The human tri-peptide GHK and tissue remodeling.J Biomater Sci Polym EdReview of studies2008
A tea exosome-integrated self‑oxygenating cascade chitosan/oxidized alginate hydrogel for remodeling the hyperglycemic and hypoxic microenvironment in diabetic wound healing.Carbohydr PolymIn animals2026
Water-Soluble, Enzyme-Degradable, and Hydrolyzable STAR Particles for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Skin.Adv Healthc MaterIn animals2026
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ (GHK-Cu) Attenuates CuSO4 or LPS induced-inflammation in Zebrafish larvae model.Eur J PharmacolIn animals2026
The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways.BiogerontologyIn animals2026
An injectable hydroxyapatite microsphere filler loaded with GHK-Cu tripeptide for anti-Inflammatory and antioxidant.Colloids Surf B BiointerfacesIn animals2025
Expression and Purification of Recombinant GHK Tripeptides Are Able to Protect against Acute Cardiotoxicity from Exposure to Waterborne-Copper in Zebrafish.BiomoleculesIn animals2020
Protective effects of GHK-Cu in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis via anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammation pathways.Life SciIn animals2020
Electrophoretic deposition of GHK-Cu loaded MSN-chitosan coatings with pH-responsive release of copper and its bioactivity.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol ApplIn animals2019
The tri-peptide GHK-Cu complex ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice.OncotargetIn animals2016
Tripeptide-copper complex GHK-Cu (II) transiently improved healing outcome in a rat model of ACL reconstruction.J Orthop ResIn animals2015
Effects of topical copper tripeptide complex on wound healing in an irradiated rat model.Otolaryngol Head Neck SurgIn animals2013
The tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by fibroblast cultures.Life SciIn animals2000
In vivo stimulation of connective tissue accumulation by the tripeptide-copper complex glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ in rat experimental wounds.J Clin InvestIn animals1993
Effects of glycyl-histidyl-lysyl chelated Cu(II) on ferritin dependent lipid peroxidation.Adv Exp Med BiolIn animals1990
Hierarchical regulation and mechanism of "open-hollow-fibrous network" structures: Osteogenic-angiogenic coupling responses of poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) microspheres.Biomater AdvIn a lab dish2026
Microneedle-Mediated Delivery of Copper Peptide Through Skin.Pharm ResIn a lab dish2015
Effect of GLY-HIS-LYS and its copper complex on TGF-β secretion in normal human dermal fibroblasts.Acta Pol PharmIn a lab dish2014
Characterization of copper tripeptide-loaded lipid carriers and their stability in complex cosmetic matrices.J Chromatogr AOther paper2026
Microenvironment-responsive injectable dynamic hydrogel for sequential antioxidant and tissue regeneration therapy of radiation-induced skin injury.Bioact MaterOther paper2026
The Regenerative Potential of GHK-Cu in Aesthetic Medicine.Aesthet Surg JOther paper2026
Peptide Supplements and Their Therapeutic Applications in Sports Medicine.Am J Sports MedOther paper2026
Augmented Skin Beneficial Effects of Thermus Thermophilus and Bacillus Subtilis Mixed-Culture Ferment Extract by Tripeptide GHK-Cu.Skin Res TechnolOther paper2026
Copper peptide activated cascade catalysis for glucose regulation and hypoxia reversing in infected diabetic wound healing.Mater Today BioOther paper2026
A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper Complex) in Topical Microneedle Delivery: A Case for Expanded Clinical Trials.Arch Intern Med ResOther paper2026
A Torilis japonica Extract-GHK-Cu Complex Attenuates Th2 Cytokines and Promotes Keratinocyte Recovery: A Potential Antioxidant Strategy for Atopic Dermatitis.Antioxidants (Basel)Other paper2026
Middle-aged mice treated with GHK-Cu peptide administered intraperitoneally or intranasally show behavioral rescue but divergent hippocampal aging programs.Res SqOther paper2026
Copper(II)-Tripeptide Complexes as Potential Skin Healing Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Wound Repair Ability.ChemMedChemOther paper2026
Multi-Target Restoration of Dermal Elastic Fibers Through Elastin Upregulation, Elastase Suppression, and Scaffold Reinforcement.Curr Issues Mol BiolOther paper2026
The Laccase-like Property of GHK-Cu and Its Applications in Colorimetric Sensing of Phenolic Compounds.Biosensors (Basel)Other paper2026
Golgi-targeted copper delivery strategy via enhancing copper-dependent proteins' activity for fascia regeneration.J Control ReleaseOther paper2026
Efficacy and Safety Assessment of ThriveCo Scar Fader Gel With Scarcede™ in the Treatment of Skin Scars.CureusOther paper2025
Exploring the beneficial effects of GHK-Cu on an experimental model of colitis and the underlying mechanisms.Front PharmacolOther paper2025
Intramolecular Charge Transfer-Induced Fluorescent Probe for the Sensitive Detection of Copper Tripeptide.J Phys Chem BOther paper2025
Copper Complexes with New Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Hyaluronan Conjugates Show Antioxidant Properties and Osteogenic and Angiogenic Synergistic Effects.Bioconjug ChemOther paper2025
Food-Derived Tripeptide-Copper Self-Healing Hydrogel for Infected Wound Healing.Biomater ResOther paper2025
Palmitoyl copper peptide and acetyl tyrosine complex enhances melanin production in both A375 and B16 cell lines.Biochem Biophys Res CommunOther paper2025
Novel Applications of CE-ICP-MS/MS: Monitoring of Antiaging GHK-Cu Cosmetic Component Encapsulation in Liposomes.ElectrophoresisOther paper2024
An Assessment of the Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of a Novel Scalp Treatment Regimen Combining a Hydroxy Acid-Based Scrub and Copper Tripeptide Serum in the Management of Seborrheic Dermatitis in Adults.CureusOther paper2024
The glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex attenuates lung inflammation and fibrosis in silicosis by targeting peroxiredoxin 6.Redox BiolOther paper2024
Rigid-flexible nanocarriers loaded with active peptides for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory applications in skin.Colloids Surf B BiointerfacesOther paper2024
Thermodynamically stable ionic liquid microemulsions pioneer pathways for topical delivery and peptide application.Bioact MaterOther paper2024
Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide.Aging Pathobiol TherOther paper2024
Behavioral and neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease are attenuated in 5xFAD mice treated with intranasal GHK peptide.bioRxivOther paper2023
Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice.bioRxivOther paper2023
Phenothiazine-Based Cu(II)-Selective Fluorescent Sensor: GHK-Cu Sensing Applications.J Org ChemOther paper2023
Liposomes as Carriers of GHK-Cu Tripeptide for Cosmetic Application.PharmaceuticsOther paper2023
Effect of Peptides on the Synthesis, Properties and Wound Healing Capacity of Silver Nanoparticles.PharmaceuticsOther paper2023
Ultrasensitive and Label-Free Detection of Copper Ions by GHK-Modified Asymmetric Nanochannels.Anal ChemOther paper2023
Synergy of GHK-Cu and hyaluronic acid on collagen IV upregulation via fibroblast and ex-vivo skin tests.J Cosmet DermatolOther paper2023
Relief of ovalbumin-induced airway remodeling by the glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ tripeptide complex via activation of SIRT1 in airway epithelial cells.Biomed PharmacotherOther paper2023
Multi working mode SPR chip laboratory for high refractive index detection.Opt ExpressOther paper2023
Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-Cu2+ rescues cigarette smoking-induced skeletal muscle dysfunction via a sirtuin 1-dependent pathway.J Cachexia Sarcopenia MuscleOther paper2023
Improved laccase production by Trametes versicolor using Copper-Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine as a novel and high-efficient inducer.Front Bioeng BiotechnolOther paper2023
Differential Effects of Histidine and Histidinamide versus Cysteine and Cysteinamide on Copper Ion-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cytotoxicity in HaCaT Keratinocytes.Antioxidants (Basel)Other paper2023
Glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu2+ attenuates cigarette smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema and inflammation by reducing oxidative stress pathway.Front Mol BiosciOther paper2022
Polyaspartic acid, 2-acrylamido-2-Methyl propane sulfonic acid and sodium alginate based biocompatible stimuli responsive polymer gel for controlled release of GHK-Cu peptide for wound healing.J Biomater ApplOther paper2022
Cutaneous Delivery of Cosmeceutical Peptides Enhanced by Picosecond- and Nanosecond-Domain Nd:YAG Lasers with Quick Recovery of the Skin Barrier Function: Comparison with Microsecond-Domain Ablative Lasers.PharmaceuticsOther paper2022
Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with Tunable Crystallinity and Phase Separation of Active Layers via Incorporating GHK-Cu.ACS Appl Mater InterfacesOther paper2021
One-Pot Synthesis-Biocompatible Copper-Tripeptide Complex as a Nanocatalytic Medicine to Enhance Chemodynamic Therapy.ACS Biomater Sci EngOther paper2021
Coassemble dopamine and GHK tripeptide into fluorescent nanoparticles for pH sensing.LuminescenceOther paper2021
Enhanced angiogenic effects of RGD, GHK peptides and copper (II) compositions in synthetic cryogel ECM model.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol ApplOther paper2021
Ternary Cu(II) Complex with GHK Peptide and Cis-Urocanic Acid as a Potential Physiologically Functional Copper Chelate.Int J Mol SciOther paper2020
QR678 & QR678 Neo Hair Growth Formulations: A Cellular Toxicity & Animal Efficacy Study.Plast Reconstr Surg Glob OpenOther paper2020
Enhanced biological properties of collagen/chitosan-coated poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffold by surface modification with GHK-Cu peptide and 58S bioglass.Prog BiomaterOther paper2020
Copper-tripeptides (cuzymes) with peroxidase-mimetic activity.RSC AdvOther paper2020
The potential of GHK as an anti-aging peptide.Aging Pathobiol TherOther paper2020
Effect of oligoarginine conjugation on the antiwrinkle activity and transdermal delivery of GHK peptide.J Pept SciOther paper2020
In Vitro and in Vivo Studies of pH-Sensitive GHK-Cu-Incorporated Polyaspartic and Polyacrylic Acid Superabsorbent Polymer.ACS OmegaOther paper2019
Chelating Surfaces for Oriented Human Serum Albumin Molecules.LangmuirOther paper2019
Intradermal injections of a hair growth factor formulation for enhancement of human hair regrowth - safety and efficacy evaluation in a first-in-man pilot clinical study.J Cosmet Laser TherOther paper2018
Androgenetic Alopecia Treatment in Asian Men.J Clin Aesthet DermatolOther paper2018
GHK-Cu-liposomes accelerate scald wound healing in mice by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis.Wound Repair RegenOther paper2017
Selected Biomarkers Revealed Potential Skin Toxicity Caused by Certain Copper Compounds.Sci RepOther paper2016
Physicochemical characterization of native glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine tripeptide for wound healing and anti-aging: a preformulation study for dermal delivery.Pharm Dev TechnolOther paper2016
In vitro evaluation of compression-coated glycyl-L-histidyl-L-lysine-Cu(II) (GHK-Cu2+)-loaded microparticles for colonic drug delivery.Drug Dev Ind PharmOther paper2011
Human skin penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as a function of skin layer.Inflamm ResOther paper2011
Human skin retention and penetration of a copper tripeptide in vitro as function of skin layer towards anti-inflammatory therapy.Inflamm ResOther paper2010

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Registered studies in people (2)

StudiesStageStatusPeople taking partUpdated
Two-Part Study of the Effects of the X39 Patch on Circulating GHK and GHK-Cu Levels in Healthy Adults–Not started1002026-07-15
Topical GHK-Cu Gel for Acute Skin Wound HealingStage 2Looking for people602026-02-27